Aboriginals - List of Acts/Constitution Shit/HR Conventions

Native Title Act 1993
-Established National Native Title Tribunal
-Prescribed necessary criteria to approve applications
-Federal court gives effects

1967 Referendum!
-Remove perception of discrimination
-Meet approved moral standards of human rights
-Allow commonwealth to make national laws about indigenous affairs

Section 51 (xxvi)
'other then the aboriginal race in any state'
-Making indigenous affairs a prohibited power of commonwealth and residual power

Section 127
'where the population of the aboriginal natives shall not be counted'
-Removal : allowing same citizen rights for them like other Australians

Federal Statutes

Racial Discrimination Act 1975
-passed under obligations of International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
-Makes discrimination based on color, national or ethic origin unlawful.

Racial Hatred Act 1995
Amends and expands the coverage of RDA
-Making it unlawful to offend, insult, humiliate or intimidate

Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986
-Created the commission now known as Australian Human Rights Commission
-Administers RDA and RHA


Council for Aboriginal Reconcilitation Act 1991
-Established the Council for Aboriginal Reconcilitation to build better communication and understanding.
-Aims to address issues such as cultural recognition and shared ownership or history

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984
-Protects and preserves significant parts of aboriginal people's cultural heritage and complement state acts

State Statutes

Bad

1911 South Australia : Aborigines Act
Power to segregate Aboriginal people onto reserves/power to arrest

1923 South Australia Aborigines (Training for children) Act

Good

Equal Opportunity Act 1984
-Consolidated a few discrimination acts including South Australian Racial Discrimination Act 1976
-Administered by State Equal Opportunity Commissioner
-Aggrived persons can complain to Equal Opportunity Tribunal

Racial Vilification Act 1996
-Allows civil claims to be made for damages, as well as criminal prosecutions of companies and individuals.
-Administered by SA Equal Opportunity Tribunal(EOT)

Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988
-Committee includes indigenous representatives
-Advises minister to protect/preserve sacred Aboriginal sites, objects or remains
-A Register of Aboriginal Sites and Objects maintained by Minister

Protection of Aboriginal Rights

Problems with courts -

1)Lack of Aboriginal cultural awareness.
-Aboriginal awareness training

2)Language barriers.
-Interpreters.

3)Customs (avoidance relationship etc)
Tale into account customary law.

Avoidance of eye contact, family members, naming the dead.

Proposals already made:

Employment of Aboriginal court facilitators by the Department of Justice

Aboriginal Court Day/Nunga Court in Port Adelaide, South Australia
-Deals only with aboriginal people who plead guilty to an offence
-Magistrate sits off bench, more at eye-level with offender
-Aboriinal justice officer/senior Aboriginal person advises on cultural and community matters
-Offender sits at bar table with lawyer and a relative sit with them
-Family/friends encouraged to attend

Social Cognition : Measurement of Attitudes, Ethics

2 types of test-
Self Report Measure

• Relies on participants being self aware and honest
• Uses rating scales, producing easier to manage data then open ended questions
• Problem : experimenter bias

Covert Measure

• Aims to get the 'real truth'

-Two approaches:

Observing people's behavior
(eg, nodding of heads to a statement in agreement that is being made)

Problem : Behavior doesn't always reflect attitude

Physiological measures
(heart rate, perspiration, pupil dilation [usage of EMG, EEG])
*EMG = electromyography = activation signal of muscles
*EEG = electroencephalography = brain activity

Non-obtrusive Measurement
(watching people who dunno they are watched)

-They are less likely to adopt behavior that is socially desirable/ won't fake shit
(putting cctv in retail shops)

* * *

Ethics
-Because we deal with humans and often use deception

Deception is necessary to overcome
-demand characteristics (placebo effect)
-social desirability

Debriefing's goals
-Opportunity to raise questions/concerns
-Explain/apologize for deception
-Discuss purpose and methods to enhance educational value of participating
-Detect and deal any negative/long-term effects

In Addition to the 5 ethical principles of research are:

1)Fairness
-Equal treatment without bias

2)Do no harm
Temporary discomfort > Long-term gain in society?

3)Respect
for people's rights and dignity(especially vulnerable groups)

Social Cognition : Social Issues

Stereotypes

Formation:
-Strongly held attitudes based on powerful schema
-Based on first impression of people of a certain group(first indian i saw touched my ass)
-Simplification through association

Implications:
-Schemas are continually reinforced in our environment - we notice information that confirms then then those that contradicts them
-Blinds us to individual differences
-Reflects our socio-cultural beliefs

Overcoming:
-Disconfirming information

• Bookkeeping
• Conversion
• Sub typing
  

Prejudice

Formation:
-Belief in one's own superiority
-Negative - hostile towards a group or person
-Positive - Undying support for own group

Discrimination
-Acts of verbal or physical violence towards an out-group

Social Cognition : Impression Management

Definition-
Process which people attempts to manage the impressions of themselves that they present to others.

• Done consciously and subconsciously
• Boosts effectiveness of persuasive communication
  

* * *

WHY?
the fuck we do it

1. Increase our appeal
2. Make others feel better around us (flatter, agree, favors and positive body language)
3. Enhance socially desirable behaviors

* * *

WAYS
to fucking do it

Non-verbal communication
-Body language

Verbal communication
-Talk cock, lie

Self-Handicapping
**Actions or thoughts that handicaps our performance in order to build an excuse for anticipated failure

Advantages!
-Protect self-esteem, self-image, public image
-Save face when lose, Win face when win
-Can be real or feigned

Disadvantages
-We may believe our excuses and perform less well, causing failure that we feared beforehand
-Lead others to make negative evaluations about our performance
-Can be dangerous if overboard(SMOKING, DRINKING, DRIVING LIKE F1)

Social Cognition : Social Comparison

Function-
1)Build self-image
2)Meet expectations and norms of society

• To rate ourselves with others when we are uncertain
• Usually compare to someone similar

* * *

Methods of Social Comparison

1)Upward Social Comparison
(Comparing with someone better)

Advantages
-Gives us an aim, improve ourselves
-Increase positive self regard; mastery

Disadvantages
-Makes us feel inadequate and disillusioned about our abilities
-Discouraging if standard isn't achievable

2)Downward Social Comparisons
(Comparing with someone who sucks)

Advantages
-Assessment of our position in a community
-presents us in positive light; making us feel good
-give self-esteem a boost

Disadvantages
Use common sense plz

3)Similar Social Comparisons
(Compare perceptions/attitude with similar people)

To assure ourselves that we fit social norms and fit in with our peers.

Social Cognition : Impressions, Impression Formation

Definition -
Formulation of tentative conceptions about others' emotions, motivations and personalities by gathering and interpreting situational and behavioral cues.

* * *

Impression Formation
1) Non-verbal communication

• physical characteristics
• face problem/expression
• eye contact
• posture, gait, movement
• open/closed posture
• gestures
• proxemics

2) Verbal communication
Two levels of assessment are involved:

Semantic - content/ what shit they talking
Expressive - tone, volume/ how the fuck they talking

3)Paralinguistic Cues
Variations in speech

• intonation, volume, pitch
• word emphasis
• pauses/hesitation

'Who are you?'
'WHO...are...YOU!!!!??'

* * *

Impression Formation : Principles

1)Formed through direct/indirect contact
2)Evaluated from limited external information
3)Impressions partly based on stereotypes (schema)
4)First impressions initially based on outward appearance
5)Primary Effect - First impressions form a base for subsequent judgements
6)3 Levels of judgements : physical, socio-cultural, psychological